Swati Sharma
Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.

Mohammad Amir
Department of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), Delhi, India.

Majed A. Alotaibi
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia.

Hasmat Malik
Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia. & Department of Electrical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), 248002, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Asyraf Afthanorhan
Artificial Intelligence for Islamic Civilization and Sustainability, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Nerus, 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia. & Operation Research & Management Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Nerus, 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Taha Selim Ustun
Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan.

DOI https://doi.org/10.33889/IJMEMS.2024.9.6.073

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Abstract

With an increasing prominence of electric vehicles (EVs) in sustainable transportation, it demands a robust and steady charging infrastructure. The widespread adoption of EVs into the transportation ecosystem hinges on continuous and reliable operation of charging stations (CSs). This paper delves its focus on reliability and resilience of EV chargers using various fault-tolerant (FT) techniques. It also analyzes the EV chargers’ failure scenarios such as hardware malfunctions and power outages which can disrupt the charging process. To evaluate these strategies, advanced FT algorithms and system reconfiguration protocols has been analyzed. Also, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) act as key performance indicator which indicates the reduction from 60% to -40% with diminished current and voltage variations and enhanced grid stability. The extensive real-world research and simulations on charging scenarios reflects the key performance metrics with 95% charging efficiency and fault recovery times of 0.8 seconds at 180 Volts. This research evaluates the compatibility and cost-effectiveness of these strategies with diverse EV models. Ultimately, the findings highlight the effectiveness and practicality of FT techniques for EV chargers providing valuable insights for infrastructure developers and ensures a reliable EV charging fostering consumer trust and accelerating the global transition to electric mobility.

Keywords- Electric vehicles, Fault-tolerance, Vehicular loaded chargers, Electric vehicle supply equipment, Off-board chargers.

Citation

Sharma, S., Amir, M., Alotaibi, M. A. Malik, H., Afthanorhan, A., & Ustun, T. S (2024). Optimal Control Strategies for Reliable Operation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations under Fault Tolerant Scenarios. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 9(6), 1357-1381. https://doi.org/10.33889/IJMEMS.2024.9.6.073.